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Immunohistochemistry: A Key Tool in Modern Diagnostics
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory technique that uses antibodies to detect specific antigens in cells within tissue samples. By combining principles of immunology and histology, it helps researchers and clinicians visualize the distribution and localization of proteins, offering valuable insights into health and disease. Over the years, IHC has become an essential method in pathology, biomedical research, and drug development.
How Immunohistochemistry Works
The process begins with tissue samples that are fixed and embedded, typically in paraffin, to preserve structure. Thin sections of the tissue are then placed on slides. Antibodies, designed to recognize specific proteins, are applied to the sample. When the antibody binds to its target antigen, it is detected using dyes or enzymes that create a visible signal under a microscope. This signal shows exactly where in the tissue the protein is expressed.